{"id":2472,"date":"2025-03-29T04:51:22","date_gmt":"2025-03-29T04:51:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/?p=2472"},"modified":"2025-03-29T04:51:22","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T04:51:22","slug":"how-to-make-simple-capacitors-with-aluminum-foil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/how-to-make-simple-capacitors-with-aluminum-foil\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/how-to-make-simple-capacitors-with-aluminum-foil\/#Introduction_A_wonderful_transformation_from_the_kitchen_to_the_laboratory\" >\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae: \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/how-to-make-simple-capacitors-with-aluminum-foil\/#1_Scientific_basis_for_material_selection-the_golden_combination_of_aluminum_foil_and_dielectric\" >1. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd - \u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/how-to-make-simple-capacitors-with-aluminum-foil\/#2_Physical_principles_of_the_manufacturing_process_%E2%80%93_perfect_confirmation_of_geometric_parameters_and_capacitance_formula\" >2. \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 - \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"introduction-a-wonderful-transformation-from-the-kitchen-to-the-laboratory\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_A_wonderful_transformation_from_the_kitchen_to_the_laboratory\"><\/span>\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae: \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/\">\u03a0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2<\/a> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 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height=\"296\" src=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/build-a-smiple-capacitor-with-aluminum-foil.jpg\" class=\"attachment-original size-original\" alt=\"\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/build-a-smiple-capacitor-with-aluminum-foil.jpg 459w, https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/build-a-smiple-capacitor-with-aluminum-foil-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/build-a-smiple-capacitor-with-aluminum-foil-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 459px) 100vw, 459px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_132424993 {\n  width: 65%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"gap-498499326\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-498499326 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<h2 id=\"argument-1-scientific-basis-for-material-selection-the-golden-combination-of-aluminum-foil-and-dielectric\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Scientific_basis_for_material_selection-the_golden_combination_of_aluminum_foil_and_dielectric\"><\/span><strong>1. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd - \u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 id=\"argument-support-\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>\u00a0\u0397 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 2,65\u00d710-\u2078\u03a9-m (\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \"Materials Science and Engineering\") \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bb\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 0,5-5nF \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 9V (\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 Science Buddies).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>\u00a0\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd: \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac 3,5) &gt; \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 (2,3) &gt; \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 (1,0). \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (NIST) \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 40%.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>\u00a0\u0397 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 600V\/mm (\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 UL), \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"argument-2-physical-principles-of-the-manufacturing-process-perfect-confirmation-of-geometric-parameters-and-capacitance-formula\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Physical_principles_of_the_manufacturing_process_%E2%80%93_perfect_confirmation_of_geometric_parameters_and_capacitance_formula\"><\/span><strong>2. \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 - \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4 id=\"supporting-evidence-\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1:<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>\u00a0\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf C=\u03b5\u2080\u03b5_r-A\/d, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2:<\/li>\n<li>\u0394\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2: \u0397 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 1,8 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \"Physics Teacher\").<\/li>\n<li>\u0394\u03b9\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 3 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>\u00a0\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 2,3 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 (\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 IEEE), \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 5 mm \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>\u00a0\u03a4\u03bf \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf \u0397\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0397\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd (IEEE) \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac: \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1&gt;60% \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 50%).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"thesis-3-educational-application-and-innovative-expansion-from-basic-experiments-to-stem-education\"><strong>3. \u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 - \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 STEM<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"supporting-evidence-\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1:<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>\u00a0\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 OpenCourseWare \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (MIT) \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4=RC \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/strong>\u00a0\u0397 Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1:<\/li>\n<li>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc -20\u2103 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 80\u2103)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>\u00a0\u0397 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 CSIRO \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 1.000 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 5V (Sustainable Energy Journal).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"practical-guide-four-steps-to-build-professional-grade-aluminum-foil-capacitors-with-parameter-optimization-tips-\"><strong>4. \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2: (\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.instructables.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Instructables<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0391\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u00b11mm<\/li>\n<li>\u0396\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 2 cm \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0386\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae 3N-m<\/li>\n<li>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03bb\u03ad\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 &lt;50 \u2103<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>\u00a0\u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 KEYSIGHT<\/li>\n<li>\u039c\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2: \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 0,1nF<\/li>\n<li>\u0391\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 ESR: &lt;10\u03a9<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>\u00a0\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 OSHA<\/li>\n<li>\u0395\u03ba\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 0,5V \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 1k\u03a9\/5W<\/li>\n<li>\u03a4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 &lt;12V<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"conclusion-democratizing-technology-that-makes-science-accessible\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1: \u0395\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae 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\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 67% \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 STEM. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a6\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd: \"\u039f \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\".<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae: \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 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[...]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2474,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2472"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2472\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2476,"href":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2472\/revisions\/2476"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}