{"id":2456,"date":"2025-03-21T02:05:40","date_gmt":"2025-03-21T02:05:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/?p=2456"},"modified":"2025-03-21T02:27:50","modified_gmt":"2025-03-21T02:27:50","slug":"five-common-faults-of-electrolytic-capacitors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/ar\/five-common-faults-of-electrolytic-capacitors\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-2077450165\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-890276168\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/ar\/five-common-faults-of-electrolytic-capacitors\/#Abstract\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/ar\/five-common-faults-of-electrolytic-capacitors\/#I_Capacity_attenuation_the_%E2%80%9Cinvisible_killer%E2%80%9D_of_switching_power_supply_vibration\" >I. \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629: \"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\" \u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/ar\/five-common-faults-of-electrolytic-capacitors\/#II_Chain_damage_of_rectifier_circuit_%E2%80%9Csymbiotic_crisis%E2%80%9D_of_capacitors_and_rectifier_bridges\" >II. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645: \"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629\" \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/ar\/five-common-faults-of-electrolytic-capacitors\/#III_Hidden_solder_joint_hazards_the_%E2%80%9Chidden_threat%E2%80%9D_of_large-capacity_capacitors\" >\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629: \"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\" \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/ar\/five-common-faults-of-electrolytic-capacitors\/#IV_Overvoltage_The_ignored_%E2%80%9Cpeak_voltage_trap%E2%80%9D\" >\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f: \"\u0641\u062e \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\"<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/ar\/five-common-faults-of-electrolytic-capacitors\/#V_Reverse_polarity_an_irreversible_%E2%80%9Cfatal_error%E2%80%9D\" >V. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629: \"\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d\" \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/ar\/five-common-faults-of-electrolytic-capacitors\/#Summary\" >\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"abstract-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Abstract\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/ar\/dc-electrolytic-capacitor\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-632309499\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1277508043\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_689850525\">\n\t\t<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/ar\/dc-capacitor-2\/\" >\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"850\" src=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Electrolytic-Capacitors1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-original size-original\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Electrolytic-Capacitors1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Electrolytic-Capacitors1-300x255.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Electrolytic-Capacitors1-768x653.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Electrolytic-Capacitors1-14x12.jpg 14w, https:\/\/rf-capacitor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Electrolytic-Capacitors1-600x510.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style>\n#image_689850525 {\n  width: 42%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"iii-hidden-solder-joint-hazards-the-hidden-threat-of-large-capacity-capacitors\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"I_Capacity_attenuation_the_%E2%80%9Cinvisible_killer%E2%80%9D_of_switching_power_supply_vibration\"><\/span>I. \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629: \"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\" \u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>1- \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644: \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 PWM (\u0645\u062b\u0644 UC3842). \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>2- \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 45% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 50% \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a 100\u03bcF\/50V \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 30\u03bcF.<\/p>\n<p>3-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644: \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 105 \u2103\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 20%-50% (\u0645\u062b\u0644 10\u03bcF \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0640 22\u03bcF).<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 LCR \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 ESR. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a 2 \u0636\u0639\u0641 [\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 KEMET ESR]\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"iii-hidden-solder-joint-hazards-the-hidden-threat-of-large-capacity-capacitors\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II_Chain_damage_of_rectifier_circuit_%E2%80%9Csymbiotic_crisis%E2%80%9D_of_capacitors_and_rectifier_bridges\"><\/span>II. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645: \"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629\" \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>1- \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d (\u0645\u062b\u0644 400 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/220\u03bcF) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 70%.<\/p>\n<p>2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a: \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f 220 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.01CV)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 85 \u2103\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>3- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632: \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a TVS \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 P6KE440A) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"iii-hidden-solder-joint-hazards-the-hidden-threat-of-large-capacity-capacitors\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"III_Hidden_solder_joint_hazards_the_%E2%80%9Chidden_threat%E2%80%9D_of_large-capacity_capacitors\"><\/span>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629: \"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\" \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>1- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631: \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 10000\u03bcF\/450V) \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 18% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>2- \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0640 10-15 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 5G \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0641 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 10k\u03a9\/5 \u0648\u0627\u0637) \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"iv-overvoltage-the-ignored-peak-voltage-trap-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IV_Overvoltage_The_ignored_%E2%80%9Cpeak_voltage_trap%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f: \"\u0641\u062e \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\"<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628: \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 1.414 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f 18 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 25 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 18\u00d72\u00d725.45 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f 25 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10%\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629: \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 [\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 TDK]: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u226480% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 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\u2265450 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (100k\u03a9\/2 \u0648\u0627\u062a).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"v-reverse-polarity-an-irreversible-fatal-error-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"V_Reverse_polarity_an_irreversible_%E2%80%9Cfatal_error%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>V. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629: \"\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d\" \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>1- \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a 1 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 1000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>2- \u062e\u0637\u0629 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(\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 80%. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629: \"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\" \u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 1- \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644: \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 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